Performance Optimization

Learn advanced techniques for optimizing your application's performance. This guide covers frontend optimization, backend performance, and monitoring strategies.

Prerequisites

Understanding of web performance metrics
Familiarity with profiling tools
Basic knowledge of caching concepts
Experience with database optimization

Performance Overview

Visual representation of the performance optimization process and key metrics.

Code Optimization

Optimize your application code for better performance:

// Use code splitting
const MyComponent = lazy(() => import('./MyComponent'));

// Implement tree shaking
import { useMemo } from 'react';

// Optimize loops
const optimizedArray = useMemo(() => {
  return expensiveCalculation(data);
}, [data]);

// Use Web Workers for heavy computations
const worker = new Worker('worker.js');
worker.postMessage({ data: complexData });

Asset Optimization

Optimize images, scripts, and other assets:

// Configure image optimization
const config = {
  images: {
    formats: ['avif', 'webp'],
    sizes: [640, 750, 828, 1080, 1200],
    minimumCacheTTL: 60,
    domains: ['trusted-domain.com']
  }
};

// Bundle optimization
module.exports = {
  optimization: {
    minimize: true,
    splitChunks: {
      chunks: 'all',
      minSize: 20000
    }
  }
};

Database Optimization

Optimize database queries and operations:

// Index optimization
CREATE INDEX idx_user_email ON users(email);

// Query optimization
const users = await db.users
  .select('id', 'name', 'email')
  .where('active', true)
  .include({
    posts: {
      select: ['title', 'created_at']
    }
  })
  .limit(10);

// Connection pooling
const pool = new Pool({
  max: 20,
  idleTimeoutMillis: 30000,
  connectionTimeoutMillis: 2000
});

Caching Implementation

Implement effective caching strategies:

// Redis caching
const cache = new Redis();

async function getCachedData(key, fetchFn) {
  const cached = await cache.get(key);
  if (cached) return JSON.parse(cached);
  
  const data = await fetchFn();
  await cache.setex(key, 3600, JSON.stringify(data));
  return data;
}

// Browser caching
app.use(express.static('public', {
  maxAge: '1y',
  etag: true,
  lastModified: true
}));

Best Practices

Frontend Optimization

Best practices for frontend performance:

Lazy loading of images
Code splitting
Tree shaking
Bundle optimization

Backend Optimization

Optimize server-side performance:

Query optimization
Connection pooling
Caching strategies
Load balancing

Monitoring

Track performance metrics:

Real user monitoring
Performance budgets
Error tracking
Resource monitoring

Common Performance Issues

Frontend Issues

Common frontend performance problems:

Large bundle sizes
Unoptimized images
Render blocking resources
JavaScript execution

Backend Issues

Backend performance challenges:

Slow database queries
Memory leaks
Connection bottlenecks
Resource contention

Next Steps

Now that you understand performance optimization, explore these related topics: